Which strategy uses negotiation and modification strategies like repetitions, recasts, and clarification requests to draw attention to grammar?

Which strategy uses negotiation and modification strategies like repetitions, recasts, and clarification requests to draw attention to grammar?

• A. Input processing instruction
• B. Interactional feedback
• C. Textual enhancement
• D. Task-based instruction

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is how feedback during real-time interaction helps learners notice and correct grammar through back-and-forth negotiation. In interactional feedback, a speaker uses moves such as repeating the learner’s utterance, reformulating it in a correct or more natural way (recasts), or asking for clarification. These moves draw attention to a grammar point within meaningful communication and prompt the learner to modify or produce a more accurate form. Recasts provide a correct model without explicit instruction, repetitions highlight the target structure, and clarification requests signal that something needs to be clarified or reformulated. Together, they create a loop where form is noticed and improved in the flow of conversation, which is why this strategy best fits the description. Other options focus on processing input, marking grammar in text, or structuring tasks, rather than this interactive negotiation of form.

The main idea here is how feedback during real-time interaction helps learners notice and correct grammar through back-and-forth negotiation. In interactional feedback, a speaker uses moves such as repeating the learner’s utterance, reformulating it in a correct or more natural way (recasts), or asking for clarification. These moves draw attention to a grammar point within meaningful communication and prompt the learner to modify or produce a more accurate form. Recasts provide a correct model without explicit instruction, repetitions highlight the target structure, and clarification requests signal that something needs to be clarified or reformulated. Together, they create a loop where form is noticed and improved in the flow of conversation, which is why this strategy best fits the description. Other options focus on processing input, marking grammar in text, or structuring tasks, rather than this interactive negotiation of form.